Abstract

This paper discusses the multidimensionality of crime, focusing on the interaction of psychological, social, biological, and environmental determinants. It underscores that psychological determinants like personality disorder, cognitive distortion, history of trauma, and neurological dysfunction play a major role in shaping individual choice-making and vulnerability to antisocial behavior. Social determinants like dysfunctional family, peer group effect, socioeconomic deprivation, and local environment also play a central role in influencing criminality. Biological factors, including genetic risk and neurobiological brain characteristics, also underpin criminal tendencies. The report emphasizes that crime is an active, dynamic and intricate phenomenon regulated by dynamics between these different domains, which calls for combined, multi-component intervention programs. Prevention at early stages, special treatments for focusing on psychological and social risk factors, and culturally appropriate methods are required for successful crime prevention. Despite extensive research, gaps are still noteworthy, especially in cross-cultural research and longitudinal designs. In general, the findings support extensive, multifaceted methods of understanding, preventing, and controlling criminality, as well as the necessity for conducting additional research to resolve gaps and improve the efficacy of interventions.